This timeline explores some of the key events of components and object-oriented
programming in the last 50 years. We could have gone back
further to John von Neumann's 1946 proposals that changed computer
architecture forever, or perhaps further back to ENIAC, Babbage or even
Pascal. However, we decided to begin in 1951 since the birth of the
widely publicized UNIVAC seems to spark the commercial engine that drives
the modern pursuit of object-oriented programming and development. This
commercial revolution of computers, helped along the way a decade later by
IBM's 1400 series in 1961, built the momentum for developing programming
languages that could encapsulate object-oriented concepts. Besides,
starting this timeline in 1951 makes for a nice round number of years for
us to cover in this edition. Future versions will probably cover much
more!
Throughout this timeline we have inserted key events in hardware,
operating system, and Internet development -- usually with an eye on how
they affect object-oriented programming and component technology, but
sometimes just to add greater background context for OO developments.
In many ways, "object-oriented" concepts have permeated every aspect of
computer science today. For instance, while the concepts in OO database
discussions may not be the center of talk today, their ideas are
While we've strived to make this a good, comprehensive beginning -- we
also know that we've very likely missed many events and milestones that should be here. If you spot any errors or omissions, please do let us know
about it so we can improve the timeline for posterity. We also have a
"Wish list" of items that we would
like to add to the timeline, but for which we weren't able to track down
in time for publication of this 1.0 version of the timeline. If you have
information about any of the items listed in the sidebar (or any we failed
to mention even there) which you would be willing to share, we'd be very
happy to receive it.
Thank you for taking the time to visit the timeline.We look forward to hearing from you.
Object-oriented (OO) events are indicated with a light yellow background.
| 1951 |
| J. Presper Eckert and John Mauchly build the first general-purpose
commercial computer that attracts widespread attention, the UNIVAC.
(http://www.computer.org/history/development/1951.htm) |
| 1953 |
| IBM ships its first electronic computer, the IBM 701. |
| 1954 |
| IBM ships the first mass-produced computer, the IBM 650 magnetic drum
calculator. |
| 1956 |
| John McCarthy develops the basics behind the LISP ("LISt Processing,"
later also known as standing for "Lots of Idiotic, Silly Parentheses")
programming language during a Dartmouth Summer Research Project on
Artificial Intelligence. Lisp has gone on to become one of the major
foundational languages that has shaped programming and computer science. Though not originally object-oriented, it would eventually become so with the emergence of CLOS (Common Lisp Object
System) in 1988. |
| 1957 |
| The United States forms the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA). |
| John Backus and his team at IBM develop the first FORTRAN compiler.
FORTRAN was one of the first (if not the first) high-level programming
languages, and one of the reasons why OO languages like C++ evolved --
because people wanted to get away from such languages.
|
| 1958 |
| IBM introduces the first computer to use the transistor as a switching
device, the IBM 7090, hastening the demise of vacuum tube technology in
computers. |
| Seymour Cray builds the first fully transistorized computer for Control
Data Corporation, the CDC 1604. |
| 1959 |
| Doug Englebart initially develops such theoretical concepts as
windows, mouse, multitasking, and even remote procedure calls. |
| L. R. Johnson coins the term "architecture" in reference to the IBM 7000
series mainframes which are introduced in 1959. |
| 1960 |
| COBOL is developed as the first standardized business computer
programming language. COBOL would be the most popular/prolific language
until 1980. |
| 1961 |
| IBM introduces the highly successful 1400 series mainframes. Their success makes
the case for general-purpose computers rather than specialized systems. |
| 1962 |
| Ole-Johan Dhal and Kristen Nygaard develop the Simula programming language at the Norwegian Computing Center (NCC) in Oslo between 1962 and 1967.
Simula is based somewhat on the ALGOL 60 programming language. In many
ways, this is where it all begins: Simula is pretty much the first
object-oriented programming language ever. Together with the
representational systems in AI in the 1960s (which give birth to later
frame-based knowledge representations) a very large portion of modern OO
development techniques are derived. |
| 1964 |
| John Kemeney and Thomas Kurtz initially develop BASIC (Beginner's
All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code) programming language at Dartmouth
College. |
| IBM announces the first computer using integrated circuits.
|
| 1965 |
| DEC introduces the PDP-8, the first commercially successful minicomputer. |
| 1967 |
| The first paper is published about the Advanced Research Projects Agency
Network (ARPANET). |
| 1968 |
| Edsger Dijkstra pens his famous letter entitled "GO TO Statement
Considered Harmful" -- perhaps the first stone cast in the battle against
spaghetti code. |
| Doug Englebart publicly unveils his revolutionary concepts at the
Joint Computer Conference in San Francisco. |
| 1969 |
| The U.S. Department of Defense commissions ARPANET. |
| 1970 (cca) |
| Alan Kay coins the terms "object-oriented" and "object-oriented
programming." |
| 1971 |
| The first e-mail program is developed. |
| Niklaus Wirth of the Technical University of Zurich introduces the Pascal
programming language. Pascal eventually forms the basis for many
subsequent languages such as Modula-2, Modula-3 and Object Pascal, the
popular object-oriented language in Borland Delphi. The work of Wirth and
other fathers of structured programming (like Edsger Dijkstra, see also
the entry for 1968) founds the modern discipline of software engineering. |
| First commercially available microprocessor and first floppy disk are
released. |
| 1972 |
| Dennis Ritchie develops the initial version of C at Bell Laboratories. |
| Bell Laboratories begins development of the UNIX operating system,
using C. |
| Nolan Bushnell develops PONG. |
| 1973 |
| Xerox develops Smalltalk, one of the first object-oriented languages,
in the Learning Research Group at Xerox's Palo Alto Research Center (Xerox
PARC). Alan Kay is credited as the originator of the major elements of
the language which is based on Simula, LISP and SketchPad with theories
based on biological concepts such as "cells" communicating with each
other. |
| Robert Metcalfe presents ideas about the Ethernet method of network
connection while at the Xerox Palo Alto Research Center. The basic idea of
"Internetting" is born. |
| Donald Knuth lays down the foundations of modern software
engineering in a number of now-classic works. |
| 1974 |
| The first Article on the Transmission Control Program (TCP) is published. |
| The first public packet switching network is deployed. |
| 1975 |
| The first microcomputer, the Altair, is introduced. (The same year, Bill
Gates and Paul Allen write their BASIC compiler for the Altair). |
| The first supercomputer, the Cray-1, is introduced. |
| Marvin Minsky introduces "frames" in artificial intelligence (AI)
programming, which are an ancestor of modern "objects" in later languages
such as C++. |
| First International Conference on Very Large Data Bases (VLDB) is held
in Framingham, Massachusetts. During the conference, such concepts as
database abstraction and multi-level architectures for relational
databases are discussed, laying the groundwork for modern client/server
databases. |
| Guy Lewis Steele Jr. and Gerald Jay Sussman invent Scheme programming
language (based on LISP) while at MIT. |
| 1976 |
| Digital Equipment Corporation introduces its popular minicomputer, the VAX
11/780. |
| Steve Wozniak and Steve Jobs begin producing Apple computers in a garage,
with the highly successful Apple ][ shipping shortly after.
|
| 1977 |
| USENET is established. |
| The personal computer revolution begins with the launch of the affordable
Apple ][, Commodore PET (Personal Electronic Transactor) and the Tandy
Radio Shack TRS-80 in the same year. |
| 1978 |
| Brian W. Kernighan and Dennis M. Ritchie publish The C Programming
Language, after years of development. While not object-oriented itself, C
heavily influences or forms the basis of many modern OO programming
languages such as C++, Objective C, Java, and C#. |
| Dan Bricklin and Bob Frankston develop the first electronic spreadsheet,
called VisiCalc, for the Apple computer. VisiCalc is perhaps the world's
first "killer app." |
| Niklaus Wirth enhances and expands on his Pascal programming language
and introduces Modula-2. |
| 1979
|
| The U.S. Government publishes the preliminary specification of the Ada
programming language. Originally named "green" for the color of the cover
of the report in which it was first described, it is later named for the
first programmer, Ada Augusta King.
|
| Mike Cowlishaw develops the initial version of REXX (Restructured Extended
Executor) programming language at IBM. |
| 1980 |
| Bjarne Stroustrup invents object-oriented extensions to C and calls
the new language "C with Classes" while at Bell Laboratories. These
object-oriented features were inspired in part by earlier object-oriented
languages such as Simula-67. |
| Grady Booch develops a design process for Ada -- referred to as Booch Diagrams -- that evolves and is eventually applied to other object-oriented languages. |
| Winchester hard drive is introduced (today known as the "hard drive"). |
| 1981 |
| IBM introduces the IBM Personal Computer based on the Intel 8088
Microprocessor running at 4.77 MHz. |
| IBM ships PC-DOS 1.0 with the IBM PC. Microsoft ships MS-DOS shortly
afterwards and licenses MS-DOS.
|
| 1982 |
| Sun Microsystems introduces its first workstation, the Sun 100. |
|
TCP/IP protocol suite becomes the standard for "the Internet." |
| The computer is named Time magazine's Man of the Year. |
| Object-oriented concepts with databases gain prominence as they are
discussed at conferences such as the Eighth International Conference on
Very Large Data Bases (VLDB) in Mexico City, Mexico. |
| 1983 |
| A committee is formed by the American National Standards Institute
(ANSI) to standardize C. |
| Stroustrup's "C with Classes" is renamed "C++." |
| The Ada language standard is adopted by the U.S. government and by the
American National Standards Institute (ANSI).
|
| 1984 |
| Apple introduces the Macintosh, the first mainstream computer with a
graphical user interface (GUI). |
| Richard Stallman founds the GNU Project.
|
| Domain Name Server (DNS) is introduced. |
| The number of hosts on the Internet exceeds 1000. |
| 1985 |
| Digital Research releases GEM (Graphics Environment Manager), beating
Windows to market. |
| Microsoft releases first version of Windows (version 1.0). |
| The Commodore Amiga and Atari ST ship. Both feature advanced GUIs and
multimedia capabilities and are touted as "color Macintoshes." |
| The first commercial CD-ROM drives ship based on Sony and Philips technology. |
| Bjarne Stroustrup publishes The C++ Programming Language, thus
allowing C++ to beat out Objective-C and other contenders. It emerges as
the dominant object-oriented language in the computer industry. |
| Bertrand Meyer introduces Eiffel programming language.
|
| 1986 |
| The National Science Foundation Network (NSFNET) is created, forming a
backbone for network connectivity. Several similar networks around the
world eventually combine with this network to create the foundation for the
modern Internet. |
| Intel ships the 80386 chip. |
| Network News Transfer Protocol (NNTP) is introduced. |
| The International Organization for Standards (ISO) develops and
standardizes Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML). |
| First Conference on Object-oriented Programming, Systems, Languages,
and Applications (OOPSLA) is held in Portland, Oregon.
|
| International Workshop on Object-Oriented Database Systems (OODBS) is
held in Pacific Grove, California. |
| 1987 |
| IBM and Microsoft announce OS/2 1.0. |
| Microsoft ships Windows 2.0, which can utilize the protected mode of
Intel's 80286 processor, thus breaking the DOS memory barrier. |
| William Atkinson, an engineer at Apple, designs HyperCard, an
interactive rather than language-based programming tool with strong
user-interface features. This revolutionary concept helps lay the
foundation for visual component-based programming and rapid application
development (RAD). |
| Larry Wall develops and releases Perl 1.0 (Practical Extraction and
Report Language) scripting language. |
| Digital Equipment Corporation and Olivetti develop the Modula-3
programming language to correct some of the deficiencies of Pascal and
Modula-2. |
| The number of hosts on the Internet exceeds 10,000.
|
| 1988 |
| The second Edition of Kernighan and Ritchie's The C Programming Language
is published, incorporating the latest standards of the proposed ANSI C
specification. |
| John Ousterhout develops Tcl (Tool Command Language) while at
University of California, Berkeley. |
| The first issue of the Journal of Object-Oriented Programming (JOOP) is
published. |
| IBM's OS/2 1.1 with Presentation Manager ships. It is the first OS/2 with a
GUI. |
| 1989 |
| Tim Berners-Lee's proposal regarding information management and networks
is written and circulated at CERN (the European Particle Physics
Laboratory).
|
| The Object Management Group (OMG) is founded. It is committed to developing vendor independent specifications for the software industry.
(The consortium includes about 800 members as of the year 2000.) The OMG
begins development of specifications for Common Object Request Broker
Architecture (CORBA). CORBA is essentially middleware between applications
and communications that provides interoperability between systems and
data. |
| The ANSI C standard is finally adopted. |
| The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) is established. |
| The number of hosts on the Internet exceeds 100,000.
|
| 1990 |
| Microsoft releases Windows 3.0 operating system, the first popular version
of Windows. It offers significant improvements including Program Manager, File Manager and improved stability. It immediately dominates the market. |
| Microsoft releases first version of Visual Basic, ushering in a
concept that eventually comes to be known as Rapid Application Development
(RAD). Programming with visual objects becomes a mainstream concept. |
| A project based on Berners-Lee's proposal of 1989 is started. The name
World Wide Web is conceived and the first WWW WYSIWYG (What You See Is
What You Get) browser/editor is produced on a NeXT computer.
Berners-Lee develops initial version of HTML and other key WWW concepts. |
| ARPANET ceases to exist. |
| The Object Management Group (OMG) defines the Object Management
Architecture (OMA) to describe how applications could interoperate based
on object-oriented concepts. The OMA defines the major parts that make up
a CORBA installation. The term "ORB" (Object Request Broker) gains
prevalence. |
| Guido van Rossum develops Python, an interpreted, interactive,
object-oriented programming language. |
| Baezner, Lamoe and Unger describe Sim++, a distributed,
discrete-event simulation language. |
| 1991 |
| Sun Microsystems develops the Java programming language as part
of a research project to create software for consumer electronic devices
like TVs and VCRs. It contains many object-oriented programming features
similar to C++. |
| The first CERN seminar on the WWW is held. |
| WWW is announced in the CERN newsletter, and a WWW browser is demonstrated at Hypertext
'91 in San Antonio, Texas. |
| Wide Area Information Servers (WAIS) and Gopher are introduced. |
| The
Trojan Room Coffee Pot camera is put up at Cambridge University's Computer
Laboratory, the first client/server application written to use the lab's
then-new RPC mechanism. |
| Guido van Rossum releases Python to USENET. |
| 1992 |
| The first major specification of Common Object Request Broker Architecture
(CORBA) version 1.1 is made available based on a joint proposal by DEC, HP,
Hyperdesk, NCR, ODI, and SunSoft.
|
| IBM's OS/2 2.0 begins shipping. The release includes IBM's Systems Object
Model (SOM), a multi-platform and language-neutral object model compliant
with CORBA 1.1. |
| An alliance of companies including Apple, IBM and Lotus begin developing OpenDoc. OpenDoc is a multi-platform and language-neutral object model based somewhat on IBM's SOM. |
| Microsoft releases the Windows 3.1 operating system. |
| The first GUI client for X is completed. |
| The number of hosts on the Internet exceeds 1 million. |
| 1993 |
| The first release of Marc Andreessen's Mosaic is unveiled at the National Center for
Supercomputing Applications (NCSA). |
| WWW is presented at Online Publishing '93, Pittsburgh, PA. |
| Microsoft releases the initial version of Windows NT, after Microsoft and
IBM separate their development efforts from OS/2. |
| Microsoft ships the first version of Component Object Model (COM). COM
competes with OpenDoc and CORBA, but is not CORBA-compliant. COM forms the
basis of -- or is directly related to -- other Microsoft technologies such
as Object Linking and Embedding (OLE), ActiveX, Distributed COM (DCOM),
and others. |
| Microsoft gains the reputation of the confusing practice of naming and
renaming similar technologies based on marketing needs. |
| OpenDoc is licensed by the Component Integration Laboratories (CILabs).
CILab's initial supporters include Apple, IBM, Novell, Oracle, SunSoft,
Taligent, WordPerfect, and Xerox. Their goal is to develop object-oriented
interoperability across all major platforms. |
| IONA (formerly part of Trinity College) ships its ORBIX product, which enables distributed computers and software systems to work together
collaboratively. Other major Object Request Broker (ORB) software developers also begin to market their products.
|
| The Trojan Room Coffee Pot is put on the Web. It is believed to be the first image on the WWW. |
| 1994 |
| The first draft of the proposed ANSI standard for C++ is released. |
| Linux 1.0 is released by Linus Torvalds, launching the modern "open source" movement. |
| Mosaic Communcation Corp. (later to become Netscape) is formed by Marc
Andreessen, James Clark et al. |
| The first International WWW Conference is held at CERN, Geneva. |
| Sun's Java becomes noticed when the HotJava browser is released. |
| Perl 5 is released. It is a major rewrite of previous versions, and the first to
add OO capabilities to the popular scripting language. |
| Rasmus Lerdorf creates the initial version of Hypertext Preprocessor
(PHP), an open-source server scripting language similar to C. |
| Initial CORBA 2.0 specification is released; it specifies how ORBs from
different vendors can interoperate. |
| IBM releases OS/2 Warp 3.0. |
| The Unified Modeling Language (UML) takes its initial form as the main
object-oriented design and analysis methodologists (Grady Booch, Ivar
Jacobson, and Jim Rumbaugh) join forces to define a method for
specifiying, visualizing and documenting the elements of an
object-oriented system. The UML standard builds on Booch, OMT and OOSE
methods and is developed under the auspices of the Open Management Group
(OMG). |
| The W3 Consortium is formed, and the first meeting is held at MIT in December.
|
| 1995 |
| NSFNET ceases to be the main U.S. backbone and is replaced by network providers. |
| WWW becomes the service with the greatest traffic. |
| The Apache Group is organized and the Apache HTTP Server Project is founded to develop open-source web server software based on NCSA's httpd
server. Apache uses modules rather than components, but the ideas are similar in
many ways.
|
| Sun Microsystems officially launches Java to the public with free
client software. |
| Micosoft releases the 32-bit Windows 95 operating system, a major
milestone for Windows and a significant upgrade from 3.x. Win32, the API
in Windows 95 and NT, includes further enhancements to OLE, based
originally on Microsoft's COM. |
| Microsoft's Visual Basic gains widespread use with VBX (Visual Basic
Custom Control) technology. VBX components are eventually replaced by
ActiveX controls and components, which are based on evolving COM technology. |
| Microsoft releases the first version of its DirectX software development kit. |
| Borland releases Delphi 1, a Rapid Application Development (RAD)
programming environment. It is the first mainstream object-oriented visual
development tool with an optimizing native-code compiler and scalable
database engine. Delphi is based on an object-oriented version of Pascal
called "Object Pascal." Borland quickly follows the release of Windows 95
with a 32-bit version of Delphi, becoming the first 32-bit RAD tool.
http://www.borland.com |
| Microsoft introduces the term Distributed COM (DCOM), replacing the
short-lived term Network OLE, which is based on OLE/COM with networking
capabilities. |
| IBM introduces SOMobjects. |
| 1996 |
| Sun releases Java Development Kit (JDK) 1.0. |
| The first JavaOne developer conference is held. JavaBeans
technology-based components are announced along with Java Media APIs,
servlets and other similar technologies. |
| Microsoft coins the term ActiveX at the Internet Professional
Developers Conference (Internet PDC) in March. |
| Microsoft ships Windows NT 4.0. It features the Windows 95 user
interface and numerous bundled server processes, notably its Internet
Information Server (IIS) Web server. |
| Microsoft publishes specifications for the Distributed Component
Object Model (DCOM), which is closely tied to ActiveX. |
| Sun announces the availability of Java Objects Everywhere (JOE), an
interfacing technology between Java/Web front ends and CORBA application
services for complex Web-based applications. |
| Sun introduces the Java Database Connectivity (JDBC) API specification,
the first standardized effort to integrate relational databases with Java
programs. |
| Microsoft releases Internet Explorer 3.0, which begins to make up
significant ground on Netscape's Navigator. |
| IBM releases Domino (version 4.5 of the Notes server product) which
allows developers to quickly build, deploy and manage Notes applications
over the Internet. |
| Allaire releases ColdFusion, an application server with Cold Fusion Markup Language (CFML) that integrates server-side, Web-oriented scripting, allowing developers to build advanced Web/database applications. This
sparks a trend of many application server tools from many vendors.
|
| The KDE project is founded. |
| NeXT pushes Web Objects. |
| 1997 |
| Sun ships its JavaBeans Development Kit. |
| Sun ships JDK 1.1, which includes Remote Method Invocation (RMI), a set
of protocols that enable Java objects to communicate remotely with other
Java objects. It is a relatively simple protocol that shares similarities
with CORBA and DCOM and works only with Java objects. |
| Sun announces Enterprise JavaBeans (EJB) technology. |
| Sun ships its Java Web Server 1.0 product. |
| IBM releases an object-oriented version of the REXX programming language
called Object REXX. |
| Microsoft releases Internet Explorer 4.0 and gains dominance in
browser technology. |
| Microsoft ships Internet Information Server (IIS) 3.0 with integrated
Active Server Pages (ASP) that have object-oriented, server-side scripting
capabilities featuring VB Script, JavaScript, and integration with COM
components for Web applications. |
| The GNOME project begins.
|
| 1998 |
| Sun releases Java SDK 2.0. |
| W3C publishes recommendations for Extensible Markup Language (XML)
1.0. |
| Microsoft launches Windows 98. |
| Microsoft ships Internet Information Server (IIS) 4.0 with Active
Server Pages (ASP) 2.0 and integrated Microsoft Transaction Server (MTS)
2.0. MTS is an object-oriented middleware technology that allows, among
other things, applications to scale across systems to support a large
number of users. |
| Microsoft announces the first iteration of COM+. |
| The ANSI C++ standard is published. |
| BEA launches BEA ME (soon to be known as WebLogic Enterprise), the
first object transaction monitor. |
| Netscape releases source code for its Navigator Web browser and makes
it freely available to the public. The Mozilla Organization coordinates how this source code is developed. The Mozilla Project includes XPCOM, a
"lightweight cross-platform COM work-alike." |
| The first stable (1.0) release of K Desktop Environment (KDE) for Linux is
released at the beginning of the year. |
| GNOME 0.99 is released at the end of the year, and 1.0 enters code freeze. |
| EiffelBase libraries are released as open source. |
| 1999 |
| Sun Jini, Sun's technology for object-oriented
distributed computing applications, is announced. |
| Sun unveils JavaServer Pages (JSP) technology and licenses JavaServer
Pages framework to Apache. |
| Sun ships J2EE (Java 2 Platform Enterprise Edition). The Java 2
platform integrates RMI (Remote Method Invocation) over IIOP (Internet
Inter-ORB Protocol), Java IDL (Interface Definition Language), Java ORB
and CORBA support. |
| GNOME 1.0 is released at the first Linuxworld Conference and Expo in
San Jose; work begins on Bonobo, the GNOME component architecture. |
| 2000 |
| 1 GHz mainstream computers with CPUs from AMD and Intel are widely
available. |
| Microsoft releases Windows 2000 and Internet Information Server
(IIS) 5.0 with ASP 3.0. |
| Microsoft officially changes the name of its middle-tier, run-time
environment from MTS to COM+ to reduce confusion. With the release of
Windows 2000, key elements of COM/DCOM and MTS have been integrated into
this new run time. |
| Sun releases J2SE (Java 2 Platform Standard Edition) v.1.3 platform
and gains industry support from Apple with Mac OS X. |
| Sun acquires StarOffice, then "componentizes" it using a new component
architecture dubbed UNO (Universal Network Objects). Plans are to
integrate OpenOffice with GNOME's Bonobo. |
| KDE 1.90 Beta includes KParts, the KDE component object model. KDE 2.0
is released. |
| SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol) is released. |
| Web services initiatives are announced throughout the industry: IBM
introduces Web services, HP introduces e-speak, Sun introduces ONE,
Microsoft introduces .NET. |
| Microsoft announces C#. |
| IBM ships WebSphere with support for Java servlets, JavaServer Pages,
XML, EJB components, and CORBA. This is a good example of the growing
trend of Web server appliances and application servers that make use of
the latest object-oriented technologies and standards. |
| Microsoft ships Windows Me. |
| Official CORBA 2.4 specification is released. |
| Larry Wall and Nathan Torkington announce plans for a complete
rewrite for Perl 6. |
| The StarOffice source hits the Net at OpenOffice.org. |
| Ajuba Solutions is acquired by Interwoven, and decides to discontinue Tcl
development. Tcl development is turned over to the Tcl core team, and
Interwoven releases TclPro as open source. |
| Mozilla 0.6 is released. |
| 2001 |
| Borland ships Kylix, the first native rapid application development
tool for Linux. It is modeled on Delphi and C++ Builder and features CLX
components/objects, which include many visual, nonvisual, database, and
networking components. |
| Trojan Room Coffee Pot is taken down. |
| CORBA 3.0 is due out. |
| Bonobo will be included in the GNOME 1.4 final release. |
